The Bank of England is edging towards a more pragmatic framework for stablecoins, in a shift that could have major implications for the UK’s role in global crypto regulation and digital payments. But, while industry figures are increasingly interpreting the move as progressive, the question remains whether this is a genuine turning point or just more of a recalibration within a still cautious system. That is, is this going to lead to real change or is it just a way to mitigate negative feedback?
Over the past year, the central bank has been refining its approach to so-called “systemic stablecoins”, gradually moving away from earlier proposals that were seen as highly restrictive. The direction of travel now appears to focus on enabling stablecoins to function as part of mainstream payments infrastructure, while still maintaining controls around financial stability and risk.
According to the Bank of England’s consultation on regulating systemic stablecoins, the regime is designed to ensure that stablecoins used widely for payments are backed by high-quality assets, with safeguards around reserves, redemption rights and operational resilience. Reuters reported that the Bank has also softened key elements of its original approach, including removing individual holding limits and introducing a temporary £40 billion issuance cap per issuer.
A Shift Towards a More Pragmatic Regulatory Model
The most immediate reaction from industry has focused on whether this signals a meaningful shift in regulatory philosophy or, on the other hand, from restriction to enablement.
Thomas Cattee, White-Collar Crime Partner at Gherson Solicitors LLP, said the move represents a structural shift in how the UK is approaching digital assets. According to Cattee,”the Bank of England’s softer stance on stablecoins does signal a further positive turning point for crypto regulation in the UK.”
He added that the combination of FCA and Bank of England frameworks could help define a clearer regulatory perimeter for the sector: “Together, the Bank of England and the Financial Conduct Authority are building a distinct dual perimeter which should greatly encourage digital asset firms to focus on the UK and hopefully not go to alternative jurisdictions like the EU.”
Doug Collyer, Managing Director at emagine, also framed the shift as a maturing regulatory approach rather than deregulation: “The Bank of England’s softer tone on stablecoins does mark a meaningful shift, but not towards deregulation. It’s a move towards a more mature, strategically aligned framework for digital money.”
He added that right now, in the UK, clarity is a key driver for institutional adoption: “For financial institutions, this is the clarity they have been waiting for.”
From Risk Containment To Payments Infrastructure
A key theme emerging from both policymakers and industry experts is that stablecoins are increasingly being viewed as infrastructure rather than speculative assets.
Jeff Barrington, Managing Director at Windsor Drake, believes that this marks a bigger, more meaningful change in how regulators are thinking about digital money.
“I see it as a turning point in priority,” he said. However, he also argued that the removal of holding caps signals a shift in regulatory intent. “By dropping the £20,000 holding cap, setting a £40bn issuance limit, and letting issuers hold up to 70% of reserves in gilts, the Bank of England has shifted its stance from how to contain stablecoins to how to make them work.”
Chandler Fang, Founder of t54, said this reframing could open the door to broader collaboration between traditional finance and crypto-native firms. “What’s particularly interesting is that the Bank of England appears to be acknowledging that stablecoins can coexist with traditional financial institutions rather than simply compete against them.”
He added that the long-term opportunity may lie in embedding stablecoins into everyday financial products. “If this shift continues, it could mark an important turning point for crypto regulation in the UK.” Indeed, according to these views, this move by the BOE could lead to some real meaningful change in the way in which crypto forms part of the UK’s financial ecosystem going forward.
Addressing Concerns Over Commercial Viability and Global Competitiveness
Despite the more positive tone, a recurring concern among plenty of experts is whether the UK framework is commercially competitive enough to support large-scale issuance.
Iana Dimitrova, CEO at OpenPayd, said the policy direction is encouraging but incomplete. “This does signal a potential turning point for crypto regulation in the UK, but the commercial viability of a sterling-denominated stablecoin remains the critical question.”
She warned that structural constraints could still limit competitiveness. “For a sterling stablecoin to compete meaningfully with its dollar-denominated counterparts… the regulatory framework must be not only safe but also commercially attractive.” That is, this is progress, but it’s only a small step, in the grand scheme of things.
Shah Ramezani, Co-Founder and CEO of Noah, struck a more cautious tone on the UK’s global positioning when he asserted that “it’s too early to call it a turning point.” He added that the UK is still “playing catch-up” internationally.
“The US has the GENIUS Act, Europe has MiCA and hubs like Hong Kong and Abu Dhabi already have live regimes issuing licenses. London is a peer to those places and right now, it’s behind them.”
And it’s a great and very valid point. This may be a positive move by the UK government, but is it enough to make a real difference?
Payments Innovation, Adoption and Real-World Use Cases
Beyond regulation, several experts highlighted the potential for stablecoins to reshape payments infrastructure, especially when it comes to cross-border transactions.
Sam Coyne, Europe CEO of Currenxie, said the policy shift could accelerate innovation in payments: “The Bank of England’s new stablecoin rules will boost innovation in the sector and ensure the UK continues to offer a supportive regulatory landscape to drive global competitiveness and growth.” According to Sam, cross-border payments are now a key area of opportunity. “For some SMEs, stablecoins could offer an additional cost-effective payment rail to improve cash flow management and provide an edge over competitors.”
Kristaps Zips, UK CEO at payabl, said the move reflects growing market demand. “Removing the proposed caps on individual stablecoin holdings… signals that the Bank of England wants stablecoins to find a real role in the economy.” He added that adoption is already underway in merchant environments, saying that he and payabl “see the demand already.”
Trust, Infrastructure and the Next Phase of Adoption
Several experts also stressed that regulation alone is not the sole indicator and determinant of success. Rather, operational resilience and trust infrastructure will also be critical.
Anthony Yeung, Chief Commercial Officer at CoinCover, thinks that risk management will be central to long-term adoption. “As stablecoins become more widely used for payments, it is right that regulators consider how growth could affect bank deposits and credit provision.”
But, he warned that user trust depends on more than policy: “As adoption accelerates, institutions and consumers also need confidence that digital assets can be securely accessed, managed and recovered when things go wrong.”
Andrew Jones, Co-Founder and Managing Director at ChilliMint, said the industry is moving into a new phase defined by trust rather than technology alone. “The Bank’s framework is significant. It’s less about the technology and more about creating the conditions for trust.” It’s not just about who has the best, most advanced and most effective tech. Rather, he added, governance may now be the hardest problem in digital assets.
“Building a stablecoin is one challenge. Deciding who carries risk, who provides oversight and how trust is maintained at scale is a much bigger one.”
So, Is This a Turning Point for Stablecoins In the UK Or Just a Controlled Recalibration?
Taken together, the Bank of England’s evolving stance reflects a clear shift in direction. Stablecoins are increasingly being treated as core payments infrastructure rather than a fringe asset class, with regulators attempting to balance innovation with systemic stability.
But, as several experts have made very clear, whether this becomes a true turning point will depend on execution, particularly whether the UK framework can attract issuance, support adoption and compete internationally against dollar-dominated stablecoin ecosystems.
For now, the UK appears to be moving closer to global alignment, but still within carefully defined limits. The result is a regulatory environment that is certainly more open than before, but is still being tested on whether it’s bold enough to eventually lead the way.
Experts Comment
Opinions on the topic vary quite dramatically, so we chatted to a variety of experts to get their opinions. Here’s what they had to say.
- Thomas Cattee: White-Collar Crime Partner at Gherson Solicitors LLP
- Iana Dimitrova: CEO at OpenPayd
- Nigel Brook-Walters: Chief Revenue Officer at COINPAYMENTS
- Doug Collyer: Managing Director of emagine
- Sam Coyne: Europe CEO of Currenxie
- Anthony Yeung: Chief Commercial Officer at CoinCover
- Jeff Barrington: Managing Director at Windsor Drake
- Chandler Fang: Founder of t54
- Peter Daunton: Chief Product Officer at Sokin
- Bernardo Brites: Co-Founder and CEO of Trace Finance
- Radi El Haj: CEO of RS2
- Carl Grimstad: CEO of Lydian
- Ruslan Kolodiazhnyi: SVP, AI and Crypto at Sokin
- Shah Ramezani: Co-Founder and CEO of Noah
- Kristaps Zips: UK CEO at payabl
- Alessandro Hatami: Co-Author of “Reinventing Banking and Finance” and MD at Pacemakers
- Emma Campbell: Chief Banking Officer at ONE.io
- Andrew Jones: Co-Founder and Managing Director, ChilliMint (Europe) Limited
- Paul Jarrett: Chief Banking and Treasury Officer at Boku
Thomas Cattee, White-Collar Crime Partner at Gherson Solicitors LLP
“Yes, the Bank of England’s softer stance on stablecoins does signal a further positive turning point for crypto regulation in the UK. This is especially when considered alongside the regulatory regime being introduced by the Financial Conduct Authority. Whilst the Financial Conduct Authority’s proposed authorisation regime is focused on unbacked crypto trading, the Bank of England is designing its rules for real-world commercial payments, including wholesale settlement and cross border retail payments.
Key regulatory improvements by the Bank of England include eliminating the proposed £20,000 personal cap with a temporary £40 billion aggregate issuance limit per product and relaxing its strict reserve split.
Together, the Bank of England and the Financial Conduct Authority are building a distinct dual perimeter which should greatly encourage digital asset firms to focus on the UK and hopefully not go to alternative jurisdictions like the EU.”
Iana Dimitrova, CEO at OpenPayd
“The Bank of England’s latest proposals reflect a pragmatic step towards greater clarity for systemic stablecoins. Replacing individual holding limits with a temporary issuance cap is a more workable approach and moves the UK closer to a framework that can support institutional adoption.
“This does signal a potential turning point for crypto regulation in the UK, but the commercial viability of a sterling-denominated stablecoin remains the critical question. The reduction of the unremunerated backing asset requirement to 30% is an improvement, but it still makes the UK a global outlier and presents a headwind for any potential issuer.
“For a sterling stablecoin to compete meaningfully with its dollar-denominated counterparts which currently dominate cross-border settlement, the regulatory framework must be not only safe but also commercially attractive. The priority should be enabling regulated, interoperable infrastructure that institutions can use with confidence for real-world applications.”
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Nigel Brook-Walters, Chief Revenue Officer at COINPAYMENTS
“This move is an acknowledgement that the initial draft stablecoin rules were too restrictive and that inaction carries its own risk. It’s a meaningful signal for businesses evaluating UK market entry. Replacing per-wallet ownership caps with the issuer-level guardrail is a significant climb-down; it removes the most operationally damaging restriction for businesses building stablecoin payment infrastructure.
“For merchants, brokers and payment infrastructure providers, the regulatory ceiling on sterling stablecoins has risen considerably. Businesses that have been waiting for clarity before integrating GBP stablecoin payment rails now have a credible timeline, with regulated stablecoins potentially operational next year.
“However, a self-imposed cap creates a perception of nervousness. The UK is the only jurisdiction in the world proposing to limit issuance of stablecoins in its own currency. “Temporary” needs to be better defined, otherwise international issuers will default to dollar stablecoins and the UK will remain a second-tier market by design.
“The Bank of England has moved from a framework that would have made sterling stablecoins uncompetitive globally to one that makes them viable, but not yet fully compelling. The gap between viable and compelling is now a policy choice, and it sits with HM Treasury.”
Doug Collyer, Managing Director of emagine
“The Bank of England’s softer tone on stablecoins does mark a meaningful shift, but not towards deregulation. It’s a move towards a more mature, strategically aligned framework for digital money. By signalling openness to systemic stablecoins backed by high‑quality assets and integrated into the UK’s payments infrastructure, the Bank is moving from a defensive posture to one that actively enables innovation and growth opportunities.
“For financial institutions, this is the clarity they have been waiting for. The alignment between the Bank and the FCA creates a more coherent regulatory architecture, giving firms confidence to explore tokenised deposits, new settlement models and next‑generation customer propositions. Crucially, the temporary issuance guardrail shows prudence remains intact. This is calibrated regulation designed to manage transition risk, not a loosening of standards.”
Sam Coyne, Europe CEO of Currenxie
“The Bank of England’s new stablecoin rules will boost innovation in the sector and ensure the UK continues to offer a supportive regulatory landscape to drive global competitiveness and growth.
“New stablecoin innovation will further the transition from wholesale to retail adoption and enhance customer choice and value when it comes to payments.
“Currently, many businesses face poor value on cross-border payments in particular with high foreign exchange (FX) fees and slow transaction times. This is especially true for SMEs who typically rely on their mainstream bank which is often unable to meet their needs when paying international suppliers and processing purchases from customers in other markets.
“For some SMEs, stablecoins could offer an additional cost-effective payment rail to improve cash flow management and provide an edge over competitors to fuel growth.”
Anthony Yeung, Chief Commercial Officer at CoinCover
“The Bank of England’s decision to replace ownership limits with a temporary issuance guardrail reflects a more balanced approach to managing the financial stability risks associated with stablecoin adoption. As stablecoins become more widely used for payments, it is right that regulators consider how growth could affect bank deposits and credit provision, while ensuring innovation is not unnecessarily constrained.
“But financial stability is only one part of the trust equation. As adoption accelerates, institutions and consumers also need confidence that digital assets can be securely accessed, managed and recovered when things go wrong. Lost credentials, compromised wallets and failures in key management remain persistent risks that can undermine confidence in the ecosystem.
“Regulation can provide the framework for growth, but sustainable adoption will depend on operational resilience. Alongside clear rules for stablecoin issuers, the industry needs robust custody solutions, secure key management and transparent recovery mechanisms that give users confidence their assets remain protected throughout their lifecycle.”
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Jeff Barrington, Managing Director at Windsor Drake
“I see it as a turning point in priority. The Bank was the last major holdout in a UK system that has tilted pro-innovation, with the Treasury and FCA both signaling they want Britain to compete as a digital-asset hub. By dropping the £20,000 holding cap, setting a £40bn issuance limit, and letting issuers hold up to 70% of reserves in gilts, the Bank has shifted its stance from how to contain stablecoins to how to make them work. That reframing is the real turning point. It tells the market the UK now treats stablecoins as payments infrastructure to be made viable, not a risk to be removed through regulation.
“At Windsor Drake we run sell-side M&A processes for founder-led fintech companies, which gives us a close read on how fintech investors and acquirers respond to regulatory shifts.”
Chandler Fang, Founder of t54
“One of the biggest obstacles facing stablecoins has never been the technology itself; it’s been lingering regulatory uncertainty. The Bank of England’s more relaxed approach suggests UK policymakers may be moving away from viewing stablecoins primarily as a financial stability risk and toward viewing them as a potentially useful piece of future payment infrastructure.
“I don’t think this automatically means stablecoins are about to become mainstream in the UK overnight. There are still challenges around consumer adoption, merchant acceptance, and integrating blockchain-based payments into existing financial systems. But regulatory clarity is often a prerequisite for meaningful investment and innovation. Companies are far more willing to build products, payment networks, and customer experiences when they have a clearer understanding of the rules.
“What’s particularly interesting is that the Bank of England appears to be acknowledging that stablecoins can coexist with traditional financial institutions rather than simply compete against them. That opens the door for more collaboration between banks, fintechs, and digital asset firms, especially in areas such as cross-border payments and settlement infrastructure.
“If this shift continues, it could mark an important turning point for crypto regulation in the UK. Rather than focusing exclusively on restrictions and risk mitigation, regulators may be starting to explore how stablecoins can improve efficiency within the financial system while still operating within a regulated framework. In many ways, that balanced approach is what much of the industry has been waiting for.
“The longer-term opportunity is that stablecoins become embedded into existing payment applications, banking products, and financial services without requiring consumers to think about wallets, private keys, or blockchain networks. If policymakers create an environment where that innovation can happen safely, the UK could position itself as one of the more important markets for regulated stablecoin adoption over the coming decade.”
Peter Daunton, Chief Product Officer, Sokin
“The Bank of England’s decision to update its approach is an important step toward enabling the UK to meaningfully compete in the stablecoin market. By taking a more pragmatic regulatory approach, the UK moves a step closer to competing with markets like the U.S. and creating an environment where sterling-backed stablecoins can grow.
“As digital currencies become another channel through which national currencies are distributed globally, ensuring GBP is embedded within this next generation of financial infrastructure will be critical in maintaining the pound’s international relevance and competitiveness.”
Bernardo Brites, Co-Founder and CEO of Trace Finance
“The Bank of England’s reversal is less a change of heart than a recognition of reality: cap what people can hold, and sterling stablecoin activity just moves offshore into dollar coins. The US moved first with the GENIUS Act, the EU with MiCA, both ahead of the UK, and Britain couldn’t afford to regulate itself out of its own market.
“What matters is how they softened it. They scrapped individual holding limits but kept 24-hour redemption, reserve-quality rules, and licensed intermediaries, swapping a cap on users for a cap on issuance (albeit a high one). That’s the right instinct: regulate the rails, not the customer. Manage systemic risk through reserves and redemption, not by throttling adoption.
“So yes, a turning point in intent. But with rules final only by end-2026 and launches in 2027, the UK is course-correcting from behind, not leading.”
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Radi El Haj, CEO of RS2
“The Bank of England’s proposed framework is an important step for the UK and shows how quickly the global stablecoin market has developed. The UK is entering a market where Europe has already established MiCA, the US is advancing its own framework and regulators across Asia and the Middle East have been shaping digital asset markets for some time. Dollar-backed stablecoins already dominate global trading and settlement, while GBP stablecoin volumes remain relatively small.”
“The UK has not missed its opportunity, the opportunity has changed. Success will not come from launching the highest number of stablecoins but come from making stablecoins work as part of the wider payments ecosystem by integrating with the infrastructure that supports issuing, acquiring, settlement, reconciliation and reporting at scale.”
“The Bank’s focus on reserve quality, redemption rights and operational resilience reflects a wider shift in the market. The conversation has moved beyond whether stablecoin technology works. The priority now is whether institutions, businesses and consumers can trust it at scale. That trust comes from transparency, operational resilience, robust controls and real-time visibility across payment flows and risk.”
“Payments have followed this pattern before. Cards, digital wallets and real-time payments achieved widespread adoption because infrastructure, regulation and trust developed together. Stablecoins are following the same path. The challenge now is not creating digital money. The challenge is operating it safely, reliably and consistently across markets, institutions and regulatory environments. That will decide whether stablecoins become a meaningful part of global payments or remain a niche technology.”
Carl Grimstad, CEO of Lydian
“The Bank of England’s move to rethink holding limits is a true reality check. It’s the first real admission we’ve seen that the old closed-loop financial model is effectively dead. Strict limits were always just a band aid for a lack of visibility. Regulators feared volatility because they couldn’t see behind the curtain. By loosening the grip, the UK is finally acknowledging that assets like USDT are the plumbing for global liquidity.
“This regulatory pivot is the necessary signal to stop treating digital assets as a niche experiment and recognise them as the foundational infrastructure they have become. The bottleneck was never the asset. It was the capacity of the rails. Today, in the UK at least, those rails just got a lot wider.”
Ruslan Kolodiazhnyi, SVP, AI and Crypto at Sokin
“If the UK wants to open its fintech market to new technology and become the main player it once was, the government and the FCA should focus on creating a better environment for private capital to invest in stablecoin-based innovation, rather than pursuing CBDC options.
“The market works best when there’s ground for private initiative to grow, not when the state runs long-lifting projects. That’s the direction the Bank of England is heading, but it’s still half-measures compared to what the U.S. is doing, or even what the pioneers of MiCA regulation in the EU have already achieved.”
Shah Ramezani, Co-Founder and CEO of Noah
“It’s too early to call it a turning point. The Bank of England has gone back and forth on stablecoins for a while, so I’d be careful reading too much into one move.
“For now, it points the right way, but the bigger picture is that the UK has ground to make up. The US has the GENIUS Act, Europe has MiCA, and hubs like Hong Kong and Abu Dhabi already have live regimes issuing licenses. London is a peer to those places and right now, it’s behind them.
“Lifting the holding caps is a genuinely good sign. The 30% non-interest-bearing reserve requirement is less so, as it drags on issuer economics and makes a sterling coin harder to justify against dollar or euro alternatives.
“We should remain cautiously optimistic, but we want to see a stronger and clearer stance before we’re confident that the UK can actually compete.”
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Kristaps Zips, UK CEO at payabl
“Today’s announcement is a meaningful step forward for the UK payments sector. Removing the proposed caps on individual stablecoin holdings and shifting instead to a £40 billion issuance limit per issuer gives UK businesses room to build with confidence. It signals that the Bank of England wants stablecoins to find a real role in the economy, not sit in a regulatory holding pen.
“Stablecoins are a credible alternative to existing cross‑border rails. They can settle faster, cost less and remove much of the friction businesses currently absorb when transacting between markets. They are not going to replace cards, A2A or correspondent banking any time soon, and they don’t need to. Their value is in giving businesses and their customers more choice, and giving treasury teams an alternative option when speed actually matters.
“We see the demand already. payabl. settles merchants in USDC and other leading stablecoins today, and offers crypto acceptance at checkout with instant conversion to fiat. As the regime evolves, the job for regulators and payment providers is to keep moving in step, so the guardrails protect businesses and consumers without slowing down the innovation this announcement is designed to unlock.”
Alessandro Hatami, Co-Author of “Reinventing Banking and Finance” and MD and Pacemakers
“This shift in tone is part of a process where the BoE continues to show its increasing acceptance of stablecoins. It is not a wholesale change in the UK’s approach to crypto. By abandoning proposed holding limits for individuals and businesses, increasing the share of reserves that can be held in short-term government debt from 60% to 70%, and committing to a future central bank liquidity backstop, the Bank of England has shown it is listening to industry concerns.
“The important distinction is that these rules apply to systemic, sterling-denominated stablecoins used for payments, not cryptoassets more broadly. The £40 billion temporary issuance guardrail and requirement to hold 30% of backing assets in non-interest-bearing Bank deposits also mean the framework remains cautious.
“The real watershed will come if the UK can turn greater regulatory flexibility into a commercially viable market. This is meaningful progress, but not yet a general liberalisation of UK crypto regulation.”
Emma Campbell, Chief Banking Officer at ONE.io
“The Bank of England’s new stance shows that regulators are finally dealing with market realities. Dropping individual holding caps prevents the UK from structurally isolating its digital asset sector and handing a monopoly to US dollar-denominated stablecoins. If the original rules remained, UK stablecoins would have failed from the start, pushing businesses toward US dollar alternatives.
This isn’t an isolated shift. With the US Senate advancing the CLARITY Act to establish a coherent digital asset market structure, the world’s two most critical financial jurisdictions are course-correcting simultaneously. That doesn’t happen without pressure, and the pressure has come from businesses that built on this infrastructure before the rules existed. It’s clear regulators are no longer setting the pace. The market got there first, and the frameworks are now chasing the infrastructure that already exists.“
Andrew Jones, Co-Founder and Managing Director, ChilliMint (Europe) Limited
“The Bank of England’s announcement feels like another moment where stablecoins stop looking like a crypto story and start looking like a payments story.”
“A few years ago, most of the conversation was about the technology. Faster settlement. Programmability. Blockchain. New rails. But the further stablecoins move into the mainstream, the less people seem to care about the technology and the more they care about the questions payments people have been asking for decades.”
“A currency needs to be universally understood if it is to be fit for purpose. Most people don’t know where stablecoins reserves are held, who’s responsible if something goes wrong, who do I call when there’s a problem, or how to use one in the first place.”
“That’s why the Bank’s framework is significant. It’s less about the technology and more about creating the conditions for trust. The reserve requirements, redemption protections and issuance guardrails are all designed to answer the same fundamental question: can people rely on this?”
“What’s also becoming clear is that stablecoins aren’t heading towards one global model. The US has its approach. Europe has MiCA. The UK is building its own framework. Stablecoins were supposed to remove borders, but regulation is increasingly redrawing them.”
“For me, the most interesting part is that governance is starting to look harder than technology. Building a stablecoin is one challenge. Deciding who carries risk, who provides oversight and how trust is maintained at scale is a much bigger one.”
“The irony is that stablecoins were originally designed to sit outside traditional financial systems. Yet their long-term success increasingly depends on adopting many of the same principles that made traditional payments work in the first place.”
“Because in payments, people rarely remember what happens when everything goes right. They remember what happens when something goes wrong. And that’s where trust is built.”
Paul Jarrett, Chief Banking and Treasury Officer at Boku
“The Bank of England’s softer stance on stablecoins could be a signal that the UK is moving from debate to implementation. One of the biggest barriers so far has been a lack of regulatory clarity, with merchants, banks and payment providers reluctant to invest without clear rules.
“The most compelling opportunity is around faster settlement and more efficient cross-border money movement. Stablecoins won’t solve challenges such as FX, liquidity or compliance on their own, but they can play a valuable role in a modern payments world. Long-term adoption will require regulators, banks and industry participants to work together to build the trust and infrastructure needed to support stablecoin payments at scale.”
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